Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Sample Type: Serum

Description:
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is most concentrated in the liver, bones, kidneys, and bile ducts. It plays a key role in breaking down proteins and is especially important in processes involving the liver and bone.

Purpose of Test:
The ALP test measures the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and is commonly used to:

Evaluate liver function

Detect bile duct obstruction

Diagnose bone diseases (e.g., Paget's disease, bone cancer)

Monitor liver or bone disorders

Normal Range (may vary slightly by lab):

Adults: 44 to 147 IU/L

Children and adolescents may have higher levels due to active bone growth.

Causes of Elevated ALP:

Liver conditions (hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile duct blockage)

Bone disorders (osteomalacia, rickets, bone tumors)

Pregnancy (placental ALP)

Certain cancers

Causes of Low ALP:

Malnutrition

Zinc deficiency

Hypothyroidism

Genetic disorders (e.g., hypophosphatasia)

Note:
ALP results are often interpreted alongside other liver or bone-related tests for accurate diagnosis.