Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Sample Type: Serum Description: Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is most concentrated in the liver, bones, kidneys, and bile ducts. It plays a key role in breaking down proteins and is especially important in processes involving the liver and bone. Purpose of Test: The ALP test measures the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and is commonly used to: Evaluate liver function Detect bile duct obstruction Diagnose bone diseases (e.g., Paget's disease, bone cancer) Monitor liver or bone disorders Normal Range (may vary slightly by lab): Adults: 44 to 147 IU/L Children and adolescents may have higher levels due to active bone growth. Causes of Elevated ALP: Liver conditions (hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile duct blockage) Bone disorders (osteomalacia, rickets, bone tumors) Pregnancy (placental ALP) Certain cancers Causes of Low ALP: Malnutrition Zinc deficiency Hypothyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., hypophosphatasia) Note: ALP results are often interpreted alongside other liver or bone-related tests for accurate diagnosis.