AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) – Serum Test
Sample Type: Serum

Purpose:
The AFP test measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood. It is primarily used for:

Cancer screening and monitoring, especially liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and germ cell tumors

Prenatal screening for fetal abnormalities like neural tube defects and Down syndrome

About AFP:
AFP is a protein normally produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac during development. In adults, elevated levels may indicate certain liver diseases or cancers.

Indications for Testing:

Monitoring liver conditions (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis)

Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients

Diagnosis and monitoring of testicular or ovarian germ cell tumors

Part of maternal screening during pregnancy (between 15–20 weeks gestation)

Sample Collection & Handling:

Blood is drawn from a vein and serum is separated

No special preparation is typically needed (unless part of a maternal screen)

Normal Reference Range (adults):
< 10 ng/mL (may vary slightly by lab)

Clinical Significance:

Elevated AFP in adults: Liver cancer, germ cell tumors, chronic liver disease

Elevated AFP in pregnancy: Possible neural tube defects, multiple gestation

Low AFP in pregnancy: Possible Down syndrome