Acetone (Qualitative) in Urine
Overview: A qualitative acetone test in urine detects the presence of acetone, a type of ketone, which may indicate ketosis or ketoacidosis, conditions linked to abnormal fat metabolism. This test is often used in diagnosing or monitoring conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, or prolonged fasting.
Sample Type: Urine
Procedure:

A small urine sample is collected in a clean container.
The sample is tested using qualitative methods like reagent strips (e.g., Ketostix) or chemical tests (e.g., Legal’s test), which detect acetone and other ketones by color change.

Interpretation:

Positive: Indicates presence of acetone, suggesting ketosis or ketoacidosis. Common in uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, or low-carbohydrate diets.
Negative: No detectable acetone, typically normal unless early stages of ketosis are missed.

Clinical Significance:

Used to screen for diabetic ketoacidosis, especially in type 1 diabetes.
May also indicate metabolic stress from fasting, malnutrition, or alcoholism.
Results should be confirmed with quantitative tests (e.g., beta-hydroxybutyrate levels) for accurate diagnosis.

Limitations:

Qualitative tests are less specific and may not distinguish between acetone and other ketones.
False positives can occur with certain medications or dietary factors.
Not a standalone diagnostic tool; clinical correlation and further testing are needed.