Cardiolipin + Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 (IgG + IgM) – Phospholipid Antibodies Panel Sample Type: Serum Overview: The Cardiolipin and Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 (IgG and IgM) test is a part of the antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) panel used to evaluate the presence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS is an autoimmune disorder associated with recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis and pregnancy complications such as miscarriages or stillbirths. This test measures IgG and IgM antibodies against two key phospholipid-related targets: Cardiolipin – a phospholipid found in mitochondrial membranes Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 – a plasma protein that binds to cardiolipin and helps regulate clotting Clinical Significance: This test is essential in diagnosing or confirming: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases Unexplained blood clots (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke) Recurrent pregnancy loss, especially in the second and third trimesters Test Components: Cardiolipin IgG and IgM Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 IgG and IgM Interpretation: Positive Results (moderate to high levels): Suggest a higher risk of thrombosis or pregnancy loss, especially if both IgG and IgM are elevated and confirmed on repeat testing after 12 weeks. Negative Results: Indicate no significant antiphospholipid antibody activity at the time of testing. Diagnosis of APS typically requires persistently positive results and clinical symptoms.